Academic self-efficacy, self-esteem, and grit in higher online education: Consistency of interests predicts academic success

Abstract Academic self-efficacy, self-esteem, and grit (i.e., perseverance of effort consistency interests) have all separately shown to predict academic success within traditional education. In higher online education, information on these relationships is lacking, while this group learners growing in size importance. We therefore investigated the total as well unique predictive value Moreover, mediation effects were investigated. Students a education university Netherlands participated ( N = 2027, age 18–80 years) observational study. Participants filled out questionnaires variables interest potential confounding at baseline. was measured objectively through provided by exam registration office operationalized three variables: attempt, study progress, performance. Logistic regression analyses showed that interests significantly predicted attempt B .43, p < .001). Generalized multiple linear with negative binomial distribution significant predictor progress .16, Mixed model revealed no predictors for performance s > .06). The fact our solely found be indicates educational institutes should pay attention their students improve rates.